This is a comprehensive examination in order to serve as a reviewer for the upcoming Nursing Board Examination for Nurses on July 2012. Read the questions carefully before answering it. Please choose the best answer.
This test covers the following concepts in various forms from easy to difficult questions.
- Pharmacology
- Endocrinology
- Neurology
- Prioritization of Care
Medical and Surgical Practice Test
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Question 1 |
What is your nursing consideration when it comes to administering paracetamol, choose the contraindicated?
A | Give after a low fat meal |
B | Give after a high carbohydrate meal |
C | Give after a low sodium meal |
D | Give after a full diabetic diet |
Question 1 Explanation:
Answer: B. Give after a high carbohydrate meal – It is recommended that paracetamol should not be taken after a high carbohydrate meal since it reduces the absorption rate.
Question 2 |
A client came in to your OPD clinic complaining that his medication Betamethasone is not serving him well. As a nurse you must further assess if she is
A | Taking it with or without food |
B | Taking it with coffee |
C | Taking it with orange juice |
D | Taking it with caffeine-free tea |
Question 2 Explanation:
Answer: B. Taking it with coffee – Taking Betamethasone with caffeine may decrease its absorption.
Question 3 |
Bryan is on lithium therapy. Lithium toxicity will likely happen if the patient is taking this drug?
A | NSAIDS |
B | Budesonide |
C | Salbutamol |
D | Penicillin G |
Question 3 Explanation:
Answer: A. NSAIDS – NSAIDS would increase the likelihood of lithium toxicity.
Question 4 |
Dina is having seizure episodes. Her maintenance is phenytoin. Which drug can potentiate its effect?
A | Celecoxib |
B | Mefenamic Acid |
C | Baclofen |
D | Morphine |
Question 4 Explanation:
Answer: B. Mefenamic Acid – NSAIDS would increase the effect of phenytoin. The choices were all pain relievers, however NSAIDS have this action.
Question 5 |
Gout has been a problem with May. Her doctor prescribed Allopurinol in order to reduce uric acid deposits. These are health teachings for her except?
A | Teach her to comply with medications as prescribed. |
B | Teach her to avoid alcohol and caffeine |
C | Teach her to drink Vitamin C |
D | Teach her to drink eight to twelve glasses a day of water |
Question 5 Explanation:
Answer: C. Teach her to drink Vitamin C – Vitamin C can encourage stone formation in the kidney
Question 6 |
May returned with a laboratory result showing her uric acid levels to be 25 mg/dl. Upon assessment she’s yellowish in appearance. What is the best nursing action?
A | Hold the medication and refer to the physician |
B | Continue the medication and refer to the physician |
C | Hold the medication and reassure that the yellowish discoloration of skin is only a side effect |
D | Reassure the patient that the medication is on process |
Question 6 Explanation:
Answer: A. Hold the medication and refer to the physician – Uric acid is expected to be normal less than or equal to 6 mg/dL. Yellowish discoloration of skin signals a problem on liver function.
Question 7 |
David wanted to know how he could give eardrops to his father. What is the correct way of administering eardrops to adults?
A | Hold the earlobe up and back |
B | Hold the earlobe in a neutral position |
C | Hold the earlobe down and back |
D | either A and C |
Question 7 Explanation:
Answer: A. Hold the earlobe up and back – Make the adult patient lie on his back and hold the earlobe up and back. Anatomically, the adult’s inner ear coil more than the inner ear of a pediatric patient.
Question 8 |
When a patient is diagnosed to have a kidney failure, as a nurse the main goal is to prevent accumulation of fluids in the body. These are the following health teaching appropriate, except:
A | Teach the patient to eat low salt diet |
B | Teach the patient to measure his intake and output daily |
C | Teach the patient to have a high carbohydrate diet with low protein content |
D | Teach the patient to have a high carbohydrate diet with high protein content |
Question 8 Explanation:
Answer: D. – A high carbohydrate diet with high protein content is not an appropriate health teaching since it makes the kidneys to work harder in screening the large molecules of proteins. The goal is to reduce the workload of the kidneys in order to prevent further damage. Eating a low salt diet, high carbohydrate and low in protein meals as well as fluid restriction are the steps in maintaining the kidney function.
Question 9 |
A wife of your patient approached you one day telling you that her husband has sudden mood swings. He was diagnosed to have acute renal failure. How can you make the wife cope with this situation?
A | Tell her that this is a normal process of having kidney failure and listen to her more |
B | Tell her that this will just soon pass away |
C | Tell her that she is the one who is having some adjustment and not her husband |
D | Tell her that this is not your business, it is a problem that she and her husband will fix it |
Question 9 Explanation:
Answer: A. – Therapeutic communication using listening skills is a very important factor in helping the significant others to adjust to the situation. Be the source of the information and listen to them rather than blocking them. Empathy is also essential in order to see the needs of the patient as well as his wife. Other items were not correct since it pose judgemental comments rather than understanding.
Question 10 |
In caring for the patient with elevated BUN and serum creatinine, he will most likely be dehydrated; loss of weight and the skin turgor is poor. What nursing diagnosis describes this best:
A | Skin integrity impairment |
B | Alterations in Nutritional requirement |
C | Fluid Volume Deficit |
D | Risk for Injury |
Question 10 Explanation:
Answer: C. - A common reason for an increase in BUN is dehydration. The nurse should consider the BUN level, along with the patient's vital signs, intake and output, weight, and skin turgor as potential indicators of dehydration. Because an increased BUN may also be caused by anything that causes poor renal perfusion or renal dysfunction, it is important to look at the BUN in relation to the pathological process for the individual patient.
Question 11 |
Cushing’s syndrome has symptoms of weight gain, buffalo hump, moon face, insomnia, and hirsutism. Upon laboratory examination which of the following may not increase
A | Neutrophils |
B | Eosinophils |
C | Basophils |
D | Lymphocytes |
Question 11 Explanation:
Answer: B. Eosinophils – This is used in order to determine allergy, drug reactions, Hodgkin’s disease. In Cushing’s syndrome, it is expected to decrease.
Question 12 |
Marina is diagnosed to be pre-diabetic. These are risk factors of a pre-diabetic except:
A | Having a first-degree relative with Diabetes Mellitus |
B | History of vascular disease |
C | Blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg |
D | Inactive lifestyle |
Question 12 Explanation:
Answer: C – A pre-diabetic patient is expected also the have elevated blood pressure levels. This is a normal blood pressure.
Question 13 |
A 56-year-old patient complains of longer wound healing, increase in thirst and having a blurred vision. What is an appropriate nursing action?
A | Diagnose him to be a diabetic |
B | Request for HbA1C |
C | Request for Fasting Blood Sugar |
D | Refer to the physician |
Question 13 Explanation:
Answer: D. Refer to the physician – This is the right nursing action since it is the duty of the physician to make a medical diagnosis. A collaborative approach must be taken into consideration.
Question 14 |
A 65-year-old Diabetic patient would complain numbness of extremities, as a nurse you would recognize this as
A | Varicose Veins |
B | Hypokalaemia |
C | Sprain |
D | Neuropathy |
Question 14 Explanation:
Answer: D. Neuropathy – One of the major complications in a diabetic patient. It is a loss of function of the nerves that would conduct nerve impulses. Neuropathy can have symptoms such as loss of sensation, paralysis, tingling and burning pain.
Question 15 |
For a diagnosed diabetic, which of the following therapy should be done annually?
A | Eye Examination |
B | Antiplatelet therapy |
C | HbA1C testing |
D | Self-monitoring of blood glucose |
Question 15 Explanation:
Answer: A. Eye Examination – An annual check-up of the eyes can also prevent or minimize the blurring of vision. Antiplatelet therapy can be done continuously while HbA1C is advised to be checked twice a year. Self-monitoring of blood glucose can be done every day.
Question 16 |
In a stroke patient, which diagnostic exam would sensitively determine infarcts?
A | CT Scan |
B | MRI |
C | Skull X-ray |
D | Doppler Studies |
Question 16 Explanation:
Answer: B. MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging can be done in order to check for the old and new infarcts.
Question 17 |
Which of the following factors is the leading cause of stroke?
A | Eating fatty foods |
B | Inactive Lifestyle |
C | Smoking |
D | Traumatic Brain Injury |
Question 17 Explanation:
Answer: C. Smoking – According to research smoking is the leading cause of stroke. Smoking can allow plaques to form inside the arterial wall making it harder to allow good circulation around the brain.
Question 18 |
Using the Hunt-Hess Scale in grading the effect of the Sub-Arachnoid haemorrhage, what is the category of a patient who has a Glasgow Coma Scale of 13-14, with mild motor deficits and confused, somnolent?
A | Grade 1 |
B | Grade 2 |
C | Grade 3 |
D | Grade 4 |
Question 18 Explanation:
Answer: C
Question 19 |
Situation. 19-20. Renzo is a labourer in a construction company. He consulted to the company clinic one day, he complained of back pain for several days. The doctor instructed him to take Mefenamic Acid 500mg every 4 hours for back pain. He further advised Renzo to come back if the pain persists after three days.
On the day 1, what will be your priority nursing diagnosis?
A | Body image disturbance related to pain |
B | Acute pain related to physical exertion |
C | Fatigue related to physical exertion |
D | Impaired physical mobility related to physical exertion |
Question 19 Explanation:
Answer: B. Acute pain related to physical exertion – One day 1, this is the appropriate nursing diagnosis for the case. Other items were also related however at the moment it does not answer what is being asked.
Question 20 |
One the 3rd day, Renzo returned with additional symptoms: sensory loss and frequent urination. As a nurse, you are expecting that the doctor will ask as an initial diagnostic procedure?
A | CT Scan with contrast |
B | X-ray Lumbosacral |
C | MRI with gadolinium |
D | Urinalysis |
Question 20 Explanation:
Answer: C. – Am MRI with gadolinium is a common contrast media in order visualize the internal body structures. These agents would work with magnetic fields.
Question 21 |
What would you expect to a patient with Multiple Sclerosis?
A | Recurrent attack of focal neurologic dysfunction |
B | Ataxia |
C | Neck Flexion |
D | Echopraxia |
Question 21 Explanation:
Answer: D. Echopraxia – This is a kind of movement wherein the patient involuntarily imitate the movement of the other person.
Question 22 |
All of these factors increase the tendency to aggravate Multiple Sclerosis except:
A | Stress |
B | Exercise |
C | Cold Weather |
D | Warm Weather |
Question 22 Explanation:
Answer: C. Cold Weather – The following items involves the use of energy as well as movements of the body. Anything that can add stress to body can affect the normal functioning of the nerves especially in the case of Multiple Sclerosis.
Question 23 |
What type of cells abnormally functions in the case of Multiple Sclerosis?
A | Beta cells |
B | T cells |
C | Alpha cells |
D | Red blood cells |
Question 23 Explanation:
Answer: B. T cells - T-cells have an important role during the inflammation of the central nervous system. It combats the foreign entity inside the body. However, in the case of multiple sclerosis, as it is believed to be an autoimmune disease, the T-cells could not recognize the cells that they destroy; they might also destroy the myelin sheath that is not a foreign entity.
Question 24 |
According to studies, these are the following causes of Multiple Sclerosis except:
A | Hereditary |
B | Traumatic Brain Injury |
C | Vitamin D deficiency |
D | Viral Infection |
Question 24 Explanation:
Answer: B. Traumatic Brain injury - . Multiple sclerosis can run into a family when a complete assessment is done. Some instances can also be pointed out as a result of a severe viral infection or vitamin D deficiency.
Question 25 |
Which of the following does not belong to the group of nursing priority in caring for a patient with Multiple Sclerosis:
A | Provide safe environment for the client |
B | Provide steps to prevent infecting others |
C | Assist the patient in every activity |
D | Teach the patient to maximize his or her own capability |
Question 25 Explanation:
Answer: B. Provide steps to prevent infecting others – Multiple Sclerosis is not a communicable disease. It is thought to be autoimmune and the results of having such illness are impaired physical mobility. The goals in nursing care are concentrated in providing a safe environment as well as give the needed assistance in performing the activities of daily living.
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Thanks,so greatfull waooo,I really enjoy this.be bless and continue helping us! God will reward.
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