1. Answer: A. Use rubber nipples with a small opening in order to prevent aspiration – does not belong to the group since it is advised to use rather soft nipples with large opening.
2. Answer: D. six months to eighteen months old. The surgical intervention is planned on this stage since it may require a series of operations for the child to undergo.
3. Answer: C. Airway patency – this is still the most important nursing care at the moment. While the rest are also correct, however after the surgical procedure airway and oxygenation are important aspects for faster healing.
4. Answer: A. Achalasia – Otherwise known as Gastroesophageal reflux is a disorder wherein the stomach contents would return to the esophagus resulting to vomiting of previously eating milk.
5. Answer: B. Giving frequent small feedings – This is the best way in order to give the stomach time to digest the food. The rest of the options were not appropriate in the situation.
6. Answer: B. Yellowish skin – This is a symptom of the liver problem rather than a respiratory problem. The rest are typical symptoms of asthma.
7. Answer: B. An asthma attack can happen when the child is exposed to certain allergens that would trigger an allergic reaction to the bronchioles causing constriction of the bronchial tree. This is either acquired or being hereditary. – Talking to a mother means giving information according to the level of their understanding. Informing the mother using medical terms can generally be misunderstood. As a general rule, it is always important to gauge the level of understanding.
8. Answer: A. Symptoms can happen twice a week – This is the correct answer according to the National Asthma Education. The rest are symptoms of persistent or chronic asthma.
9. Answer: A. Provide health teaching to the family –Teaching the family about caring for a child with asthma can be the least nursing action since there is a higher need for attention to the child’s respiratory status.
10. Answer: B. Fast and binge eating – The rate of eating does not necessarily cause asthma rather than the food additives in it. The rest of the options were proven to be contributing factors to cause asthma.
11. Answer: C. Weight is 38 lbs – The average weight of a toddler would be 27 lbs. anything more than 30 lbs may also pose a warning that the child is going to be overweight.
12. Answer: B. Tell the mother that it is a normal development of toddlers, the best way to cope with this is not to force them but encourage them to eat nutritious snacks in between meals. –This way would encourage continuous growth and development a child needs even though they are undergoing the stage of being too picky. The rest of the options were not correct for the situation.
13. Answer: B. 2 years old and beyond – The toddler stage is a time wherein the child wants to be independent in feeding themselves. Introducing utensils can help the child to avoid picking the food with their bare hands which can be a way of getting infection and diarrhea.
14. Answer: C. Autonomy versus Shame – A toddler is seen to be going through a stage of what to hold on to or letting it go.
15. Answer: D. Giving Zalpen – This is can be done only with the doctor’s direction. The rest of the options were only indicative for tonsillitis that is acute.
16. Answer: A. 2 years old – This is the time wherein a child can be observed to have obvious signs of autism.
17. Answer: B. Silent at all times – Language delay can be evident in autism. A problem with communication can also pose a social difficulty but a child can also be shy does not suffer from autism.
18. Answer: C. Self-stimulating activities – A child with autism may lack the ability to use their senses especially communication problems. It is important to provide activities that would stimulate senses in order to appropriately react to the outside world.
19. Answer: C. Teach the parent to allow the child to be educated using an alternative learning system appropriate to his degree of autism – The good news about coping with autism is that the child can have a chance to use the skills that they have even though they may lack some of it compared to a normal child.
20. Answer: D. Traumatic brain injury – According to the research, the other options were proven to be linked to autism except for physical injury such as traumatic brain injury.
21. Answer: A. Physical abuse – A child victim of physical abuse can have a huge array of signs and symptoms. Generally, a child has a problem with trusting people that’s why he or she avoids physical contact.
22. Answer: D. Preserve the bruises or wounds as part of the investigation – Physical abuse is a medico-legal case, any evidence is important, so it is important to take note that these are also evidence that may aggravate the action done against the child. Cleaning the wounds may also destroy the evidence and any markings.
23. Answer: B. 1, 2, and 3 only – These are true regarding abused children and the abuser. The last option is totally not true about abused children, even though they stubborn they do not deserve to be abused.
24. Answer: B. Impaired gas exchange – A child with an asthma attack is suffering from an inadequate supply of oxygen due to constriction of the bronchioles.
25. Answer: C. Developing a sense of identity – Since adolescence is the stage recognizing the roles that are essential for his adjustment in adulthood.
